Informatics Publishing Limited

Satnam Singh ¹, Maninder Shenhmar ¹, K. S. Brar ¹, S. K. Jalali ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Box No.2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, IN

Abstract

The efficacy of high temperature tolerant (PDBC strain) and Ludhiana (Punjab) strain of Trichogramma chilouis Ishii against early shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen was evaluated in farmers' field during 2004 and 2005. The PDBC strain was released from April to June @ 50000, 40000 and 30000 parasitoids/ha. and the Ludhiana strain @ 50000 parasitoids/ha. Nine releases of PDBC strain and Ludhiana strain @ 50000 parasitoids/ha were as effective as application of cartap hydrochloride (Padan 4G) @ 25 kg/ha in reducing the incidence of C. infuscatellus by 52.7 and 50.5% over untreated control, respectively. At lower two doses, the reduction was 29.03 and 34.7 per cent over untreated control and was significantly better as compared to untreated control and mechanical control (removal of dead hearts). The maximum parasitoid recovery (10.71% parasitization) was recorded with PDBC strain @ 50,000 parasitoids/ha and was on par with Ludhiana strain (9.88% parasitization) and significantly higher than that with lower doses of PDBC strain and control. Based on reduced pest incidence, higher parasitism and yield, the releases of T. chilonis (PDBC strain/Ludhiana) @ 50000 parasitoids/ha at 10 days interval from April to June can be successfully used for the suppression of early shoot borer.

Keywords

Chilo infuscatellus, Efficacy, Strains, Trichogramma chilonis.

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Ramandeep Kaur ¹, K. S. Brar ¹, Jagmohan Singh ¹, Maninder Shenhmar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Bio-intensive pest management of leaf folder and stem borer was demonstrated on basmati rice at village Kami Khera (District Ferozepur), Punjab over 60 hectares during 2002-2005. Bio-intensive management package included one application of cartap hydrochloride, (Padan @ 25 kg/ha) and seven weekly releases of Trichogruimnu cliilonis and T. japonicum @100000/ha each starting from 30 days after transplantation. The mean per cent leaves folded (2.02), dead hearts (3.05), white ears (5.45) and yield (43.99 q/ha) in BPIM were on par with chemical control, (mean per cent leaves folded (1.77), dead hearts (2.62), white ears (4.48) and yield (44.83 q/ha)), and both the treatments were significantly better than control. The cost: benefit ratio was 1:4.01 and 1:4.68 for bio-intensive management practice and chemical control, respectively.

Keywords

Basmati Rice, BIPM, Rice Leaf Folder, Stem Borer, Trichogramma chilonis, T. japonicum.

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Parminder Kumar ¹, Maninder Shenhmar ¹, K. S. Brar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The effect of low temperature (4 ± 0.5°C) and refrigerator storage on three trichogrammatids, viz Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, T. pretiosum Riley and T. brasiliense Ashmead was studied under laboratory conditions. T. chilonis and T. pretiosum can be stored for 20 days whereas T. brasiliense for 10 days without adversely affecting their emergence and parasitisation efficiency taking 60 per cent emergence and 60 per cent parasitism as standard. The emergence in 71 brasiliense reached zero per cent after 34 days of storage whereas 20.3 per cent was recorded in T. chilonis and 1S.7 per cent in T. pretiosum after 60 days of storage. T. chilonis showed the highest emergence and parasitization efficiency followed by T. pretiosum and T. brasiliense.

Keywords

Emergence, Parasitization Efficiency, Storage, Trichogrammatids.

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J. S. Virk ¹, K. S. Brar ¹, A. S. Sohi ¹, Maninder Shenhmar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, 141 004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Studies were carried out during 2003 and 2004 to find out the release technology of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (weekly releases from July to October @ 1, 50, 000 ha) for the management of cotton bollworms. Releases as tricho-card (100, 150 and 200 points/ ha) were compared with adult releases. On the basis of incidencc of bollworms among fruiting bodies (17.63 and 16.79%), green bolls (26.87 and 14.14%), parasitization of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) eggs (17.41 and 19.64%) and seed cotton yield (8.24 and 9.26 q/ha). The releases as adult proved better. Releases at 200 points/ ha was better than releases at 100 and 150 points/ha.

Keywords

Bollworms, Cotton, Release Technology, Trichogramma chillonis.

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Neelam Joshi ¹, Maninder Shenhmar ¹, K. S. Brar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The survey on Parthenium hysterophorus conducted in six districts of Punjab during November, 1999 to January, 2000 revealed three species of fungi, viz. Alternaria alternata, Sclerotium sp. And Aspergillus niger infecting P. hysterophorus.

Keywords

Fungal Isolates, Parthenium hysterophorus.

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Maninder Shenhmar ¹, K. S. Brar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141 004, IN

Abstract

Mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) is a serious pest of rapeseed and mustard in Punjab. The coccinellids, viz. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus and Cheilomenes sexmaculatus. Fabricius were the most common predators of L. erysimi. The studies on the feeding potential indicated that C. septempunctata and C. sexmacuilatus consumed 380.4 and 304.3 aphids respectively during their larval development. Releases of 2nd instar larvae of C. septempunctata and C. sexmaculatus in the mustard freld @ 1000/ha proved effective in reducing mustard aphid population. C. septempunctata proved significantly better than C. sexmaculatus for the control of mustard aphid.

Keywords

Coccinella septempunctata, Cheilomenes sexmaculatus, Lipaphis erysimi, Biological Control.

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Maninder Shenhmar ¹, G. C. Varma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, IN

Abstract

The rice crop is affected by seven tissue borers in India and most important and widely distributed one is the yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Banerjee, 1964; Atwal, 1986). The control of this borer by chemicals is difficult as the larva enters into the plant tissue soon after hatching and the entire larval and pupal period is spent within the stem. Some encouraging results to control this borer with chemicals have been achieved (Banerjee, 1964). But keeping in view the harmful effect of indiscriminate use of insecticides and specially their role in eliminating the beneficial fauna, the emphasis is shifting towards development and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) approaches in controlling the insect pests. So the efficacy of Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead was studied under field conditions to control this pest.

Keywords

Trichogramma japonicum, Scirpophaga incertulas, Field Evaluation.

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